Sepsis: know the signs

Sepsis happens when your body reacts strongly to an infection and starts to damage its own tissues and organs. It is a medical emergency and can be life threatening. Knowing the signs could save a life.

If you suspect sepsis, act fast

Sepsis can be hard to spot and can get worse quickly. Trust your instincts. If you or someone you care for looks very unwell and is not behaving normally, get urgent help.

Call 999 Call NHS 111

Signs in adults

Slurred speech or confusion
Extreme shivering or muscle pain
Passing no urine in a day
Severe breathlessness
It feels like you are going to die
Skin that is mottled, bluish or very pale

Signs in children

Breathing very fast
A rash that does not fade when you press a glass against it
Pale, blotchy or blue skin, lips or tongue
Very sleepy or difficult to wake
Very high or low temperature, or unusually cold to touch
A seizure (fit)
Not feeding, vomiting, or no wet nappies for 12 hours

Who is at higher risk?

Sepsis can affect anyone, but some groups are more likely to develop it or become seriously ill:

Babies and young children
People aged 65 and over
Anyone with a weakened immune system
People who have recently had surgery or a serious illness
Those with long-term conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease or liver disease
People with open wounds, burns or invasive devices such as catheters

When to call 999 or go to A&E

Call 999 or go to your nearest accident and emergency department if someone has any of the signs above, is struggling to breathe, has cold or blotchy skin, is very drowsy, or you are seriously worried they might have sepsis. Do not wait to see if it gets better.

When to call NHS 111

Call 111 if you are worried about an infection that is not getting better, you are not sure whether it is an emergency, or you need advice out of hours. They can tell you what to do next and where to go.

Official resources

Patient charities and support

These charities provide information, support for survivors and bereaved families, and campaigns to raise awareness of sepsis.

This information is for awareness only and does not replace professional medical advice. If you are worried about sepsis, seek urgent medical help.